Ife Modakeke Essays

Ife Modakeke Essays Ife Modakeke Essay Ife Modakeke Essay Urban-ethno common clash in Africa: Nigeria Abidemi R. Asiyanbola PhD Department of Geography and Regional Planning, Faculty of the Social Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria E-mail: [emailprotected] com or [emailprotected] com A paper submitted for introduction at the Union for African Population Studies (UAPS) Fifth African Population Conference, Arusha, Tanzania: December 10 †14, 2007 2Abstract: Observation from writing shows that the job of ethnicity as an assembling specialist is among the most significant inquiries of this century as clashes connected to ethnicity have prompted critical death toll and wounds in numerous nations, and become significant components in impoverishment, subverting human security and reasonable turn of events. Heretofore, writing on this issue in Africa is generally frail as far as efficiently giving experimental proof to prove its claims.The paper presents a fundamental report of an exact investigation on urban ethno-collective clash in Nigeria: the instance of IfeModakeke. Among the issues inspected are the impression of the contention, how past viciousness strife is recalled, and mentality of individuals towards brutality/clashes/utilization of weapons, social communication among the individuals of the two networks. Additionally analyzed is the connection between impression of the contention; social cooperation; and disposition towards brutality/clashes/utilization of weapons. The information utilized is from a bigger family unit overview completed by the creator in Ife-Modakeke community.The aftereffect of the connection investigation shows a negative connection between view of the contention and social cooperation. This suggests the more individuals see the contention, the less is social cooperation with the individuals of the other network. The outcome additionally shows a positive connection between impression of the contention and demeanor towards brutality/clashes/utilization of we apons. This suggests the more individuals see the contention, the more their mentality towards viciousness/clashes/utilization of weapons. Besides, the outcome shows a negative elationship between social connection and mentality towards viciousness/clashes/utilization of weapons. This infers the more there is social collaboration among the individuals of the two networks, the less is the disposition towards savagery/clashes/utilization of weapons. This outcome proposes that strategies that energize social incorporation, psycho-social mending and mental change could improve the fulfillment of practical harmony among the individuals of the two networks. Catchphrases: Ethnicity; Conflict; Sustainable harmony; Africa; Nigeria . 0 Introduction Various piece of Africa has encountered hazardous scenes of unremitting broken clashes, which have happened between networks, ethnic gatherings and strict gatherings. Perception from the writing shows that the job of ethnicity as a preparing operat or is among the most significant inquiries of this century as clashes connected to ethnicity have 3 prompted noteworthy death toll and wounds in numerous nations, and become significant components in impoverishment, sabotaging human security and manageable development.Ethnicity alludes to a gathering of individuals with a typical socio/social personality, for example, language, regular perspective, religion and normal social qualities (Boaten, 2000). In this manner ethic bunches are social developments recognized by the mutual character (I. e language and culture) of their limits (Nnoli, 1980). As it were, ethnic gatherings speak to classes of individuals described by social measures images including language, esteem frameworks and standardizing conduct, and whose individuals are moored in a specific piece of the new state an area (Otite, 1990).Actually, the word ethnic is gotten from the Greek word ethnos which implies a gathering of individuals who share a typical and particular c ulture. In its traditional significance, ethnic identifies with an individual from a specific ethnos (Imobighe, 2003). Consequently ethnicity as indicated by Imobighe ought to be viewed as the sentiment of having a place with an unmistakable social or semantic gathering, or an appearance of ethnic cognizance comparable to different gatherings. Clashes emerge from the quest for disparate interests, objectives and yearnings by people as well as gatherings in characterized social and physical situations (Otite, 1999).As saw in the writing, ethnic clash infers their method of reasoning and setup from saw socio/social contrasts. Truth be told, Otite (1990) present an image of ethnicity as the logical separation by individuals from one gathering against others based on separated arrangement of socio-social images. He attests that ethnicity has the properties of normal gathering cognizance and character and furthermore bunch selectiveness based on which social separations are made.This in most case as experienced in most African nations and in Nigeria specifically has come about to vicious immovable clashes. 4 Nigeria is a huge multiethnic nation where ethnic cleavages stay a basic issue and ethnic brutality has ejected occasionally. Inside the previous four decades, Nigeria has encountered risky scenes of unremitting useless clashes, which have happened between networks, ethnic gatherings and strict groups.It is vital that these contentions are not kept to a particular geo-political area of the nation. The circumstance has gotten incredibly troubling since the start of the new law based allotment that is, Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, which was enthroned on May 29, 1999. Inside the initial three years of the country’s come back to popularity based principle, Nigeria had seen the flare-up of a few fierce collective or ethnic clashes, while some old ones had increased extra potency.Examples of contentions in Nigeria in ongoing time incorporate Yoruba-Hausa people group in Shagamu, Ogun State; Eleme-Okrika in Rivers State; the irregular conflicts in Kano, Kano State; Zango-Kataf in Kaduna State; TivJukun in Wukari, Taraba State; Ogoni-Adoni in Rivers State; Chamba-Kuteb in Taraba State; Itsekiri-Ijaw/Urhobo in Delta State; Aguleri-Umuleri in Anambra State; Ijaw-Ilaje strife in Ondo State; Basa-Egbura in Nassarawa State; Hausa/Fulani-Sawaya in Bauchi State; Fulani-Irigwe and Yelwa-Shendam, both in Plateau State; Hausa-Yoruba conflicts in Idi-Araba in Lagos State, and Ife-Modakeke in Osun State (Ubi, 2001; Imobighe, 2003; Omotayo, 2005). The most established intra-ethnic clash in Nigeria, in any case, is Ife-Modakeke emergency. It has been continuing for over a century (Aguda, 1994; Albert, 1999; Agbe, 2001; Toriola, 2001). The contention has become its own raison prevent, its own self-engaged, and selffulfilling, as it had since separated from its unique reason (Augsburger, 1992; Omotayo, 2005). While the reasons for the emergency are n umerous and fluctuated, these causes are social 5 personality, monetary and politics.These causes have been recognized in the writing as significant components in ethnic clashes. Despite the fact that, there have been different investigations on African harmony and strife which have given novel hypothetical points of view and to a bigger degree figures out how to catch the center issues clarifying disturbance and viciousness in the mainland. Be that as it may, when surveyed mutually, the distributions are moderately feeble as far as methodicallly giving experimental proof to prove its cases. The current examination plans to contribute along this recognized hole. In the paper, I present a primer report of an exact investigation completed in 2006 on urban ethno-public clash in Nigeria concentrating looking into it of Ife-Modakeke.Among the exploration addresses which the examination addresses are: What is the impression of the contention? How is past viciousness strife recalled? What is the mentality of individuals towards viciousness/clashes/utilization of weapons? How is between close to home relationship among the individuals of the two networks? Is there connection between impression of the contention; social collaboration among the individuals of the two networks; and mentality towards savagery/clashes/utilization of weapons? The invalid theory tried in the paper are that there is no critical connection between view of the contention; social association among the individuals of the two networks; and disposition towards savagery/clashes/utilization of weapons 6 2. Procedure The information base for the paper is gotten from both essential and optional information sources. The essential information utilized in the paper is from a bigger family review completed by the creator in Ife and Modakeke people group in 2006. The family unit overview was actualized utilizing the strategy for up close and personal meetings. The poll was intended to gather data among othe rs on the view of the contention, mentality towards brutality/strife/utilization of weapons, memory of past savagery struggle, memory of past viciousness clashes and social cooperation pointers, and so on In the two networks a sum of 390 families were interviewed.Exact populace figures of the two networks was not known as at the hour of the field overview. The aftereffect of National Population registration led in March 2006 was not yet discharged as at the hour of the field study. Subsequently, in Ife people group 195 family units were met, and in Modakeke people group 195 families were met. The decision of the example size depends on the contemplations of numerous components including (De Vaus, 1996:73) cost, time, exactness, and the way that data identifying with ethnocommunal struggle is still delicate in the two networks. Far reaching rundown of family units/homes in Ife and Modakeke people group isn't available.Therefore, with the guide of a refreshed guide of the two networks , Ife people group is isolated into 28 areas and Modakeke people group is partitioned into 15 regions subsequent to closing off territories that are severely influenced by the contention. By region, I mean populace clus

Types Of Cells Essay Example for Free

Kinds Of Cells Essay Select two structures of bacterial cells and quickly depict them; what do they resemble, what are they made out of? At that point, clarify how these two structures permit bacterial cells to make due as unicellular living beings.  â â â â â â â â â â Two structures of bacterial cells are the cytoplasmic layer and the flagella. The cytoplasmic film is fundamentally made out of two phospholipids layers or phospholipids bilayer (University of South Carolina, 2007).â It principally goes about as a specifically penetrable obstruction for a great deal of particles and furthermore fills in as a vehicle area of these atoms into the phone. What's more, the cytoplasmic film of microscopic organisms additionally preserves vitality as it likewise the area where thought process powers are made for use (University of South Carolina, 2007). Essentially, similar to some other cell film, a bacterial cytoplasmic layer generally contains lipids and proteins and other organic particles that fill in as the bacteria’s vitality and life source (University of Wisconsin, 2008). Most bacterial cell films likewise contain hopanoids which work essentially to improve the ease of the plasma layer by regulating its unsaturated fats. It can likewise assume a significant job in changing the porousness of the cell film and expanding the flexibility to outrageous conditions (University of Wisconsin, 2008). Another significant bacterial cell structure is the flagella. The flagella are filamentous structures which are appended to the outside of the cell that give development to the greater part of the motile microorganisms. They are principally made out of protein and show up as whips or strings that stretch out from the body of the microscopic organisms. At the end of the day, they permit the microbes to swim around while inside another creature. The cytoplasmic film and the flagella are two structures that are exceptionally fundamental to the microbes as it gives them to adjust and make due in many situations. The cytoplasmic film transports solutes, for example, supplements and different particles that empower the microorganisms to live. It additionally fills in as the area for the age of vitality or ATP which is critical to any life form. The flagella, then again, permit development, which is significant for a great deal of microbes, as it empowers them to get by moving around and tainting the host. Pick either a plant or a creature cell. Pick two structures or organelles of the cell (not utilized to a limited extent one above.) Describe these two structures or organelles †what do they resemble, what are they made out of? At that point clarify how these plant or creature cell structures or organelles work. How do these capacities bolster exercises of the plant or creature cell and empower endurance of the multicellular plant or creature life form?  â â â â â â â â â â Two significant organelles of plant cells are the chloroplast and the endoplasmic reticulum. Chloroplasts is conceivably one of the most indispensable organelles found in a plant as it conducts photosynthesis, which his the capacity of plants to make their own food utilizing light (Molecular Expressions, 2005). The chloroplasts assimilate the light and use it along with carbon dioxide and water to create sugars, which are the material that the plant utilizes for food. Morphologically, they show up as level plates (Molecular Expressions, 2005).  â â â â â â â â â â The endoplasmic reticulum, then again, shows up as a system of minor sacs, for example, cisternae, vesicles, and tubules. This system of structures for the most part capacities to fabricate, produce, transport, and procedure substance exacerbates that will be utilized outside and inside the cell (Molecular Expressions, 2005). Fundamentally, the chloroplast and the endoplasmic reticulum are significant organelles that guarantee the plant’s endurance. The chloroplast encourage the assembling of the plant’s food source, which is significant for any living life form, and the endoplasmic reticulum ship the vitality sources just as other synthetic intensifies that empower the plant to live.  â â â â â â â â â â References Sub-atomic Expressions. (2005). Plant Cell Structure. Cell Biology and Microscopy Structure and Function of Cells and Viruses. Recovered August 3, 2008 from  http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.html.  College of South Carolina. (2007). The Bacterial Cell. Microbiology and Immunology On-Line. Recovered August 3, 2008 from http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/protype.htm. College of Wisconsin. (2008). Structure and Function of Bacterial Cells. The Microbial World. Recovered August 3, 2008 from http://www.bact.wisc.edu/themicrobialworld/structure.html.

The Adaptations of I Love Dick and The Handmaids Tale are Better Than the Books

The Adaptations of I Love Dick and The Handmaid’s Tale are Better Than the Books This is a guest post from Michelle Hart. Michelle received her M.F.A. from Rutgers University-Newark, where she currently teaches Writing Composition and Contemporary American Literature. In the second episode of Amazon’s I Love Dick, Chris (Kathryn Hahn) asks Devon, the woman fixing Chris’s fridge who is herself an aspiring artist, whether she’s ever heard of Maya Deren. When Devon says she hasn’t, Chris, frantically, says, “She’s supposed to be the most important female filmmaker, and, you know, to beâ€"God’s honest truthâ€"I think she’s boring as shit. It’s like impenetrable.” Chris Kraus’s “novel,” I Love Dick, is considered a seminal book by a female artist. Undoubtedly, it’s an incisive exploration of female desire and female ambition. But it works better as a philosophical treatise or an essay than it does a novel. What hampers it as a form of entertainment is also what makes the book unique: its epistolary nature. That it’s written as a series of letters, broken up by the occasional bits of connective narrative tissue, allows Kraus to expound, stream-of-consciously, the difficulties of being a female artist, of being a woman with a voracious desire both for sex and for experience. The novel is essentially a 200-page essay. God’s honest truth? It’s impenetrable. Amazon’s adaptation of the novel, helmed by Jill Soloway, externalizes the ideas present in the novel and is thus more successful, ultimately, in living up to the novel’s ambitions. This is certainly due in large part to Kathryn Hahn, whose frequent oscillation between mania and considered thoughtfulness animate Chris’s personality in a way the novel never quite could. But even on a scene level, the immediacy of television allows the audience to really see the effects Dick (Kevin Bacon) has on Chris and her husband Sylvere. The second episode of the show opens with a wild sex scene, one that mixes fantasy and reality, reveling and indulging in the characters’ ecstasy. Kraus’s novel is an intellectual tour-de-force of female desire; Soloway’s adaptation is a visceral one. While Kraus seeks to tell the story of her mind, Soloway seeks to tell the story of Chris’s body. In the book, Chris observes and tells; in the show, Chris does. Also in the aforementioned conversation with Devon, Chris admits that she prefers Spielberg and Scorsese to Deren. There’s something to be said for story-driven work, works that take big ideas and allow them to breathe in the context of narratives. This is also why, contrary to popular belief, Hulu’s adaptation of The Handmaid’s Tale succeeds over its source material. In Atwood’s novel, Offred mostly observes. She is a witness, a fly on the wall. Of course this maybe one of its points: that women are confined to watching their lives, discouraged from being active participants in those lives. And some of the best scenes in Hulu’s adaptation involve Offred (Elizabeth Moss) receiving information about her new nightmarish world. Yet, because of the conventions of a story-driven medium like television, Moss’s Offred must not only receive but must also transmit. Because these books have become television series, their narratives have grown to include more charactersâ€"not just more bodies, but more personalities. Both novels feel to some degree myopic; they include only one woman’s view of the world. The television series I Love Dick devotes an entire episode to the desires of other women. It’s no coincidence that both stories have been expanded to include queer women. In stories about female desire, thwarted or otherwise, the presence of queer women is essentialâ€"not just as concepts but as flesh-and-blood characters. Atwood’s novel feels like an idea in much the same way Kraus’s novel feels like an idea. And to be clear, they are both astounding ideas. Kraus’s book is so indelible because it dares to show women’s creative and sexual ambitions in both flattering and unflattering light. Atwood’s conception of America as a world built by and for female oppression is particularly astute given what the political landscape in 2017 looks like. No doubt, I Love Dick and The Handmaid’s Tale are books anchored by incredible ideas. But the television adaptations of I Love Dick and The Handmaid’s Tale are anchored by incredible stories.

Essay on Erik Eriksons Stages of Development - 3343 Words

Eric Erikson was one of the most famous theorists of the twentieth century; he created many theories. One of the most talked about theories is his theory of psychosocial development. This is a theory that describes stages in which an individual should pass as they are going through life. His theory includes nine stages all together. The original theory only included eight stages but Erikson‘s wife found a ninth stage and published it after his death. The nine stages include: trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, initiative vs. guilt, industry vs. inferiority, identity vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, integrity vs. despair, and hope and faith vs. despair (Crandell and Crandell,†¦show more content†¦I would say that I came out of this stage successfully because I am not in fear of the world. My parents took care of all of my needs as I was a baby, they made sure I had food, clothes, love and everything that a baby n eeds, so now I feel that I can trust people, and that there is no need for me to fear the world or the people around me. The second stage in Erickson’s theory is the stage of autonomy vs. shame and doubt, this stage occurs between the ages of two and three. This is the stage where individuals are supposed to learn personal control (Crandell and Crandell p.36). This is stage where you basically gain control over everything. Erikson believed that an important aspect of this stage is toilet training the child, he believed that proper toilet training and learning how to control body functions, provides for a feeling of control and sense of independence. Other ideas of this stage is that the child learns to make their own food and clothing preferences and their favorite toys. Successful outcomes of this stage are the feelings of confidence and security as you get older. Unsuccessful outcomes lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt. A perfect combination of this stage would result in the child acting with intention, within their reasons and limits (Erikson’s theory, p 1). During this st age, I was able to pick out my own outfits (I know this because nothing IShow MoreRelatedErik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development1963 Words   |  8 PagesOpening Erik Erikson stated that there are eight psychosocial stages of development. Within each of these stages, he states that there is a crisis that must be resolved. Trust vs. mistrust is the first, which occurs from the time you were born to about one year of age. From there you move on to autonomy vs. shame and doubt, which occurs from ages one to three. Then there is initiative vs. guilt, which occurs from age’s three to six. After that it is industry vs. inferiority, which occurs betweenRead More Erik Erikson’s Stages of Child Development Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pages Erik Erikson presented eight stages of human development, which last throughout an entire life-span. Throughout each developmental stage, each developmental task presents a catastrophe for the individual. Erikson defined catastrophe as â€Å"a turning point of increased vulnerability and enhanced potential† (Santrock 73). Each of Erikson’s developmental stages is presented in such a way that the negatives and positives are clearly defined. Although there are eight developmental stages, five pertainRead MoreErik Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesIn Erik Erikson’s theory he explains that in every stage, a positive or a negative attitude is developed within an individual. During our developing stages we are either successful or we fail. Each stage will come to us whether or not we’re ready for them or not. You can think of the stages as learning stages where crisis occur .Only if we have learned from the previous crisis we are successful. You cannot avoid 1 stage and move to a next stage because of the developing process. The outcome of ourRead MoreErik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages and Middle Childhood Development1596 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood development. This paper will examine what these changes affect the child’s ability to function in society. This analysis will focus on the norm al course of development in middle childhood as it applies to the theorist Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages and then give examples of what may happen if the developments are not carried out. In middle childhood (aged 6-12), the child will experience the Industry vs. Inferiority stage. This is the fourth stage of Erikson’s psychosocial stage. WithRead MoreA Reflection of Stage 5 of Erik Eriksons 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development646 Words   |  3 PagesReflection on Erik Eriksons 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development Stage 5: Adolescence Adolescence is the fifth stage in Eriksons psychosocial development theory. It is posited to last from ages 12 to 18, and the basic conflict inherent in the adolescent stage, which the person must resolve, is between identity and role confusion. This conflict between identity and role confusion especially plays itself out in peer relationships, but the teenager also navigates through identity and role confusionRead MoreEssay on Stages of Erik Eriksons Human Development Cycle2415 Words   |  10 PagesFor stage one of the human developmental cycle as outlined by Erikson, I agree with the general concept and idea being presented. When we are born into the world, we have no motor skills and have no means of communication. At this stage, we are feeble and frail, thus we must trust in a nurturing figure to provide us with all the essentials for life. These are the years through which the greatest physical and mental developments take place, in the respect of growing muscles and comprehen ding our existenceRead MoreAssessment of Mr. Glen Holland, as Represented in the Movie Mr. Holland’s Opus According to Erik Erikson’s Stages of Development.1963 Words   |  8 Pages Mr. Holland’s Opus According to Erik Erikson’s Stages of Development. This paper is an assessment of Mr. Holland, as represented in the movie Mr. Holland’s Opus (19) using Erik Erikson’s Theory of development. The underlying theme that stretches throughout Erikson’s theory is that of balance (Hergenhahn amp; Olson, 2003). Erikson (1963) divided the life cycle of an individual into developmental stages (Meyer et al., 1997). 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The Criteria for Good Literature - 1518 Words

Keishera Aldonza August 30, 2011 English Honors The Criteria for Good Literature A good book us just that, a book. Yes, it may be enjoyable. Yes, it may have an intriguing plot. However, it still stands separate from the works titled as â€Å"good literature.† In order to be considered good literature, the piece of writing must meet specific criteria. First, it must have strong characterization and they must fully develop throughout the plot. It is important for the characters to explore themselves, as we humans often seek to find ourselves. Characters should have motivation, passion, and values, all qualities that makes us relate to them more. They should feel very real alive and not just words on paper. A good piece of literature should†¦show more content†¦Among these are universal concepts that have come and gone throughout the history of mankind. These include propaganda, manipulation, technology, control. No better is that shown when O’Brien tells Winston, â€Å"We control life, Winston, at all its levels. You are imagining that there is something called human nature which will be outraged by what we do and will turn against us. But we created human nature. Men are infinitely malleable†¦.Humanity is the Party. The others are outside – irrelevant.† (269) Orwell triumphs in creating and depicting an almost frightening totalitarian world. He wrote an enigmatic portrayal of the world most of us never dream to exist and described it with such eloquent detail. In a way, he terrifies us with nightmarish visions of the future and keeps our minds alert at times like these. He wrote, â€Å"If you want a picture of the future, imagine a boot stamping on a human face -- forever (267). He also writes vivid displays of emotion as on page 14, â€Å"A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seem to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current, turning one even against one’s will into a grimacing, screaming lunatic.† Lastly, the novel was enjoyed very much. The characters I felt have grown close to me, the plot captivated me at every twist and turn. However, I did feel betrayed by Winston when he wrote, â€Å"He had won the victoryShow MoreRelatedWestern Literary Canon : Significance And Relevance1157 Words   |  5 Pagesbefore that, one simple question. What is literature? Isn’t it just a bunch of words gathered on paper? One of the unbroken problems focused from this topic is that there has never been a stable predetermined definition of what exactly literature is. Yet it can be argued that the ‘Western Literary Ca non’ was the first attempt of literary criteria. 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Mill and Harm Thesis Free Essays

In this essay I shall argue that John Stuart Mill’s Harm Principle is about justice and truth.   John Stuart Mill’s argues in On Liberty that the use of the harm theory, or harm principle is that a state of government must ensure the quality of liberty just so long as the actions committed in the cause of liberty are not detrimental to the activists.   That is to say that the government may interfere in order to prevent harm. We will write a custom essay sample on Mill and Harm Thesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now    The following paper will discuss Mill’s harm principle and its application to government in regards to restrictions and controls. Mill argues for the doctrine of liberty.   Mill means to define the role of a person in society and as such the limited amount of coercion consistent in society that should affect that individual, â€Å"No society in which these liberties are not, on the whole, respected, is free, whatever may be its form of government; and none is completely free in which they do exist absolute and unqualified†.   Mill is stating that although these qualities are liberty come at a cost in no society would they be considered free because of the forms of government in which the world adheres. Mill argues that any opinion should be voiced despite its offensive sentiments and unpopularity.   Mill did not right from a perspective in the harm theory to state that speech was not harmful, but despite this subsequent commentary, speech was an ideal freedom.   Mill believed, and stated in the Harm Principle, that the harmfulness of an act is just cause to place social control on that act through legal means.   These means included coercion. Mill advocates a style of liberalism that governs that individuals have basic rights (as is stated in On Liberty) and the apex of these is free speech.   The factors that involve Mill also include a free society in general and specific terms.   Even in this free society there are certain actions that a person in a society may be involved with and then there are counter-actions of the government against those acts.   This is interpreted to mean that such acts were harmful and the government was justifiable in their prevention or retardation of those acts being committed. Such acts by the government or society do not necessary lead to an infringement on that person’s liberty.   There are however points to consider when examining the harms theory; once such interpretation to the theory includes the ubiquitous nature of permissible interference by society or a governing body since any act committed may be a legitimate harmful act upon another person, and thus action in any definition could be interpreted in this sense.   Thus, any action taken by the government with the umbrella statement of harm could be legitimate. Mill however was very stringent on his interpretation of Harm Theory and its application to law.   He did not for one thing want a blanketed reason for any misuse of human liberty; thus, to use the Harm Theory in regards to the prevention of free speech because it can be construed to be harmful is not legitimate according to Mill.   He was not an advocate of preventing expression or opinion.   This is shown in his absolute rejection to consider the efficacy of tolerating any particular inference against that censoring it, â€Å"†¦however positive any one’s persuasion may be, not only of the falsity but of the pernicious consequences-not only of the pernicious consequences, but (to adopt expressions which I altogether condemn) the immorality and impiety of an opinion†.   This is stated in regards to any person or legislation’s opinion that speech could potentially be harmful. Mill helped define in broad termination a tolerant perspective of accepting opinions and/or sentiments, that were made not only in private but also in public places, â€Å"†¦human beings should be free to form opinions, and to express their opinions without reserve†.   Despite this statement Mill had a firm belief in the restrictions of certain acts and believed such free speech was conditional. These exceptions of Mill were specious.   Although Mill’s harm theory does constitute legitimate ground by which to swerve the use of free speech much of On Liberty   deals with the propagating of free speech.   Mill made a distinction between qualified and unqualified liberties.   While Mill guards the use of free speech and free trade it is the former of the two that is unqualified as a liberty.   This is done by stating that free trade is not in accordance to individual rights and liberty but that speech on the other hand is a self-regarding action. This statement of free speech is however debatable.   Free speech may be considered a self-regarding action but in most interpretations of Mill this has been denied.   In this denial can be found the fact that free speech then may very lead to harm.   In this harm, the Harm Theory is cemented as a prevention that the legislating body may act upon.   In the debate of self-regarding Mill states that self-regarding is an action committed in which the outcome has no bearing of positive or negative effects on anyone else. The introduction of harm can be taken to mean either physical harm or otherwise.   In Mill’s introduction of harm the common consensus is that it means the former.   This means that speech must be attributed as becoming harmful or having the potential to become harmful to a larder body.   In the Declaration of Liberty Mill highlights his key points of liberties and the subsequent harm that should be delivered with their abuses, This, then, is the appropriate region of human liberty.   It comprises, first, the inward domain of consciousness; demanding liberty of conscience, in the most comprehensive sense; liberty of thought and feeling; absolute freedom of opinion and sentiment on all subjects, practical or speculative, scientific, moral, or theological.   The liberty of expressing and publishing opinions may seem to fall under a different principle, since it belongs to that part of the conduct of an individual which concerns other people; but, being almost of as much importance as the liberty of thought itself, and resting in great part on the same reasons, is practically inseparable from it. It is clearly stated in the above excerpt in the phrase â€Å"expressing and publishing opinions†¦concerns other people† it is devised that speech as well as the written word fall under the category of liberty which in turn, because it concerns other people is subject to the jurisdiction of Harm Theory and must be regulated by the government. The cost of the obstruction of free speech is to not have anyone commit a harmful act.   Although the thought of censorship in regards to the Harm Theory are prevalent and extensive in scope it must be realized that opinion even in its most innocent form of private discussion lead eventually to action; and these actions are not consistently without destruction. Through speech a person’s opinions are discovered.   These opinions have a domino effect that is not a contained event but becomes widespread especially in the media centered world.   Opinions of speeches are tools by which a revolution may occur or based upon the wrong assumptions of an event or theory speech and opinions that are accepted by the general public become gateways by which hysteria, chaos and harm do occur.   Thus it is behooving to place mandates on certain speeches to ensure that destruction and harm do not occur. In this essay I have argued that although Mill focuses his attention of liberty in a free society he is also a humanist and the concern over a person’s body is the main principle of his On Liberty essay, â€Å"That principle is, that the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number, is self-protection.   That the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others†.   It may thus be construed that Mill advocated the use of minimal censorship if the reason behind the prevention was to retard harm being done to another person or a group of people. There must however, in Mill’s theory exist a legitimate reason behind the censorship in order for drastic prevention to occur.   Although the Harm Theory suggests that   prevention is the key to stopping a destructive act there must also be extant governing rules that would prohibit the extreme exercise of government power that could turn into autocratic power which was not in the context of Mill’s theory.   The Harm Theory is regulated by the potential for harm and thus, free speech or other liberties may be interpreted and prevented by a government in order specifically to avert harm. Work Cited Bilbija, Ksenija et al.   The Art of Truth –Telling about Authoritarian Rule.   University of Wisconsin Press, 2005. David Riesman. The Lonely Crowd. 1950 Dollard John. Frustration and Agression. 1939 Freud, Sigmund. Civlilization and Its Discontents. 1930 Kessler, Sanford.   â€Å"The Review of Politics†.  Notre Dame:  Spring (64:2).   (2002).   207   31. Konrad, Lorenz. On Aggression. 1963 Laing, R. D. The Politics of Experience. 1967 MacDonald, Ross.   Socrates versus Plato.   Aspects of Education.   P9-22.   1996. Mill, John Stuart.   Utilitarianism.Social Benefit. More, Thomas.   Utopia.   Trans.   Robert Adams.   W.W. Norton and Company, 1991. Stanford Encyclopedia.   John Stuart Mill.   Online.   11 March 2008: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mill-moral-political/ How to cite Mill and Harm Thesis, Essay examples

live and let live Essays - United States Presidential Inaugurations

LIVE AND LET LIVE we all have been told that changes must start in our very selves. That we should fix ourselves first before we criticize others or before we even try to give pieces of advice which we believe are effective based on our own experience and knowledge. And knowing what has to be changed comes after knowing oneself. But how many among us are courageous enough to look deep within to see who we really are and what we are made of? For so many instances in our lives, we say that we know ourselves well. We have full knowledge of our composition and are, therefore, not strangers to our own humanity. We often say that we have so many firm beliefs, morals and principles that we cannot be influenced or be misled easily. We say that our actions are guided and that our decisions are well-deliberated on. We know ourselves in all the facets of our personality and we love ourselves for what we have become. But how well do know ourselves? It is said that there is so much about human beings that we cannot and will never be able to understand completely. Among these are abstractions like feelings, awareness, conscience, principles and religions. So where do we start understanding ourselves when there is no track to follow? Why is man thought of as a vague entity which cannot be fully explained by science, religion or any other discipline? Yes, we are that complex. We certainly are more than just flesh and blood. I guess the very key to knowing ourselves is to first look at the surface and see what we have become. Who we are is reflected by what we do consciously or otherwise. We sometimes get annoyed when people criticize us because of our actions and attitude. We get hurt because we cannot accept those criticisms which make us feel strangers to ourselves. We react violently because we believe that we are not like what they say; that we are only misunderstood or, even worse, we are just victims of other peoples ill-thinking. But have we ever given time to think over the censuring of others and see what could have been our fault? Are the accusations really true and not mere fabrications? Is there something wrong with us? And when we find out the truth, do we accept it and take responsibility for our shortcomings? Or do we stick to what we perceive is right and act like we do not bother at all? True enough, what is there to mend when nothing is torn? But the eyes cannot see all that is there. And it is just so hard to look deep within with eyes wide open and finally accept the truth. Ridiculous We start destroying ourselves when we start violating rules. A personal journey towards a meaningful life is always accompanied with knowing ones limitations. We might be intelligent creations but how come we sometimes behave like savages? We deem rules as chains wrapped around our necks which hamper our breathing. But the question is if there is really a need for rules when in fact we are supposed to be rational beings? Free will is something that is most often abused. We clamor for our rights unmindful that we are depriving others. We become so ill-principled and selfish that we care less about others as long as we get what we want which is sometimes more than what we deserve. We fail to see how much of this freedom-exertion produces imbalance and injustice to others. People would argue that they can do anything they want as long as they do not violate the law and that others cannot interfere with their activities because they are not entitled to. We often say that democracy is atop every ruling principle and must, therefore, be protected from suppression. Admittedly, we sometimes disregard others and tend to take the world for ourselves alone. And so, what purpose do these rules serve? I believe that they were made to remind us that we are not alone in this world. That respect begets respect. That a simple act of disobedience leads to greater injustices done to others. That living is not a self serving act. Imposing discipline does not mean suppression. Freedom is not